Genu: In Latin, "genu" means knee. While the term "knee" is typically used in medical contexts, "genu" appears in specific conditions like genu recurvatum (knee hyperextension), genu valgum (knock knees), and genu varum (bowlegs). The knee, or "genu" if you prefer Latin, is a joint composed of three sections. The femur, or thigh bone, connects with the tibia, the larger of the two shin bones, to create the primary knee joint. This joint is divided into an inner and outer compartment. Additionally, the patella, or kneecap, forms the patellofemoral joint with the femur. A capsule encloses the knee joint, with ligaments both inside and outside (collateral ligaments) and within the joint itself (cruciate ligaments), ensuring strength and stability. The meniscus is a thick pad positioned between the femur and tibia, providing a smooth surface for movement. Surrounding this joint are fluid-filled sacs known as bursae, which help minimize tendon friction. Beneath the patella, the patellar tendon attaches to the tibia's front. Behind the knee, large blood vessels pass through the popliteal space. The knee's motion is driven by the thigh muscles. The quadriceps at the front extend the knee, while the hamstrings at the back flex it. The knee can also rotate slightly, directed by specific thigh muscles. The knee is essential for leg movement and walking, allowing for flexion up to 135 degrees and full extension at 0 degrees. The bursae aid in reducing tendon friction during movement, and the knee bears weight effectively. Each meniscus helps distribute load evenly during weight-bearing and facilitates joint fluid distribution for lubrication.
