The contraceptive pill, often referred to as "the pill," is the most widely used reversible birth control method in the United States. It works by preventing the ovaries from releasing an egg each month through the combined effects of hormones. When taken daily as instructed, the likelihood of pregnancy is extremely low. However, its effectiveness can be compromised by certain medications, like some antibiotics. In addition to preventing pregnancy, the pill can help regulate menstrual cycles and offers protection against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a significant cause of infertility in women, as well as ovarian and endometrial cancers. While generally safe for most women, the pill does involve some risks. Modern low-dose versions are safer than older ones, but women who smoke, particularly those over 35, and those with certain health issues, such as a history of heart disease or breast and endometrial cancer, might be advised not to use it. The pill can also increase the risk of conditions like high blood pressure, blood clots, and arterial blockages. Some common side effects include nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, weight gain, irregular bleeding, and depression, but these often diminish after a few months of use.
