Statins are a group of medications designed to reduce cholesterol levels. In the U.S., there are at least five different statins available: Lovastatin (MEVACOR), Simvastatin (ZOCOR), Pravastatin (PRAVACHOL), Fluvastatin (LESCOL), and Atorvastatin. The primary function of statins is to decrease LDL-cholesterol more effectively than other drugs by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in the body's cholesterol production. By slowing cholesterol synthesis and enhancing the liver's capacity to clear LDL-cholesterol from the bloodstream, these medications significantly lower cholesterol levels. Research has shown that the substantial reductions in total and LDL-cholesterol achieved by statins lead to fewer heart attacks and decreased mortality rates. Due to their efficacy in lowering LDL-cholesterol and their proven benefits in clinical trials, statins are frequently prescribed for individuals with heart disease who require cholesterol management.Studies indicate that statins can reduce LDL-cholesterol levels by 20 to 60% in patients. Additionally, they modestly increase HDL-cholesterol and lower raised triglyceride levels. Statins are typically administered once daily, either with the evening meal or at bedtime, to coincide with the body's increased nighttime cholesterol production. The effects of statins become apparent after a few weeks, reaching their peak in 4 to 6 weeks. Most patients tolerate statins well, with serious side effects being uncommon. Some individuals may experience mild to moderate digestive issues such as upset stomach, gas, constipation, and abdominal discomfort, which usually resolve as the body adapts. Rarely, liver function test abnormalities or muscle problems, characterized by soreness, pain, and weakness, may occur.Interestingly, statins might also contribute to stronger bones. A 2000 report in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) suggested that individuals over 50 taking statins for cholesterol management experienced fewer hip fractures.
