Autism is a range of neuropsychiatric conditions marked by challenges in social interaction and communication, alongside unusual and repetitive behaviors. While some individuals with autism may not speak, this is not true for everyone. Typically, autism is identified before a child turns six, though it can sometimes be detected in infancy. The condition varies in severity, ranging from mild to severe, and those severely affected may exhibit significant cognitive impairments. The exact causes of autism remain unclear, but it is suspected that genetic factors play a role in some cases. Additionally, immune system, metabolic, and environmental influences are thought to contribute. Past theories incorrectly suggested that emotional factors were to blame. Autism frequently occurs alongside other conditions. The most effective approach to managing autism is through an educational plan tailored to the child's developmental stage. Autism is also referred to as Kanner syndrome or infantile autism. Related conditions include Rett syndrome and other pervasive developmental disorders.