Skeleton Bones:The human skeleton is comprised of 206 bones, divided into 80 axial bones (those in the head and trunk) and 126 appendicular bones (those in the upper and lower limbs).Axial Bones:There are 80 axial bones, which include 29 bones in the head and 51 in the trunk.Head Bones:The head contains 29 bones: 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones, the hyoid bone, and 6 auditory bones in the ears. The cranial bones include the frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The facial bones are comprised of 2 maxillae, the mandible, 2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimals, 2 zygomatics, 2 turbinate bones, the vomer, and 2 palatine bones. The hyoid bone, shaped like a horseshoe, is located at the base of the tongue. The auditory ossicles, or tiny ear bones, include the malleus, incus, and stapes in each ear.Trunk Bones:The trunk contains 51 bones: 26 vertebrae, 24 ribs, and the sternum. The vertebral column is made up of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, along with the sacrum and coccyx. The ribs include 14 true ribs, 6 false ribs, and 4 floating ribs. The sternum is the breastbone.Appendicular Bones:The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones, with 64 located in the upper limbs (arms, wrists, and hands) and 62 in the lower limbs (legs, ankles, and feet).Upper Extremity Bones:In the upper limbs, there are 64 bones: 10 in the shoulders and arms, 16 in the wrists, and 38 in the hands. The shoulder and arm bones include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna on each side. The wrist bones are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate on each side. The hand bones consist of 10 metacarpals and 28 phalanges (finger bones).Lower Extremity Bones:In the lower limbs, there are 62 bones: 10 in the hips and legs, 14 in the ankles, and 38 in the feet. The hip and leg bones include the innominate or hip bone (a fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis), the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella (kneecap) on each side. The ankle bones include the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones (internal, middle, and external) on each side. The foot bones consist of 10 metatarsals and 28 phalanges (toe bones).
