Scleroderma is a condition characterized by the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the skin and occasionally in other organs of the body. It can be categorized into diffuse and limited forms. Diffuse scleroderma impacts multiple internal and external areas, including the skin, intestines, and other parts of the body. In contrast, limited scleroderma targets specific body sections. The most prevalent limited form is known as CREST syndrome, which stands for:- Calcinosis: Small calcium deposits in the skin- Raynaud phenomenon: Spasms in the small arteries that restrict blood flow to fingers, toes, nose, tongue, or ears- Esophagus involvement due to scleroderma- Sclerodactyly: Localized thickening and tightening of the skin on fingers or toes- Telangiectasias: Dilated blood vessels creating tiny red spots, often on the face, hands, and inside the mouthThe exact cause of scleroderma is unclear, but genetics are believed to play a role. The immune system is central to the disease's progression, and it is not uncommon to find other autoimmune diseases among family members of those with scleroderma. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms in the affected organ systems. This disease is more commonly seen in women than men.
