Ovarian Cyst Overview:An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid that develops in the ovary. The most prevalent type is a follicular cyst, which occurs due to the enlargement of a follicle—a fluid-filled sac that houses an egg. Occasionally, this follicle becomes larger than usual and fails to release the egg, though it often resolves on its own within days to months through simple monitoring.Other kinds of ovarian cysts may contain blood, such as endometrioid cysts. There are also dermoid cysts, also known as ovarian teratomas, which are unusual tumors that can contain a variety of body tissues like hair, teeth, and bone.Most ovarian cysts go unnoticed by women and disappear without any awareness. However, if a cyst does cause symptoms, pain is the most frequent. This pain might arise from the cyst rupturing, growing rapidly, bleeding internally, or twisting around its blood supply.Typically, an ultrasound—considered the most effective imaging method for ovarian cysts—confirms the diagnosis. Treatment varies based on the woman's age, the cyst's size, and its ultrasound characteristics. It may involve simple observation or additional tests like a CA-125 blood test to assess cancer risk. It's important to note that the CA-125 test has limitations, as elevated levels can occur in non-cancerous conditions, and cancer may not always raise the levels.If a cyst causes significant pain, fails to resolve, or appears suspicious, surgical removal may be necessary, either through minimally invasive surgery or, if required, through an open laparotomy. After removal, a pathologist examines the cyst under a microscope to determine its type.The prognosis largely depends on the cyst's nature, and for most benign cysts, the outlook is very positive.
