Chloride: This is the primary negatively charged substance found in the blood and extracellular fluid, which is the body fluid outside of cells. The concentration of chloride ions in blood and other body fluids is nearly identical to that in seawater. The body carefully maintains the balance of chloride ions (Cl-) because any significant increase or decrease can lead to harmful or even life-threatening effects:Hyperchloremia occurs when blood chloride levels are too high. This condition can result from diarrhea, certain kidney disorders, or occasionally from an overactive parathyroid gland.Hypochloremia is when blood chloride levels are too low. Chloride is typically lost through urine, sweat, and stomach fluids, with excessive loss possible due to heavy sweating, vomiting, and kidney disease.The normal range for chloride in the serum is 98 - 108 mmol/L.
