Acute glomerulonephritis is part of a group of kidney disorders marked by the sudden onset of inflammation and growth of the glomeruli, which are tiny structures in the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine. Depending on the cause and severity, it can lead to lasting damage or may resolve on its own. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis serves as the classic example of these conditions, occurring after an infection with Streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat. Other causes of acute glomerulonephritis include Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's disease, and polyarteritis nodosa. Symptoms often include blood in the urine, proteinuria, reduced urine output, and red blood cell casts found in the urine. This condition is frequently accompanied by high blood pressure, swelling (edema), and issues with salt and fluid balance. Treatment generally focuses on supportive care and may involve medications to remove excess fluids or manage blood pressure.
