Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term inflammatory disorder resulting from an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Individuals with this condition have atypical antibodies in their bloodstream that target their own tissues. Lupus can affect the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, joints, and nervous system. When only the skin is impacted, it is referred to as discoid lupus. If internal organs are involved, it is known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Up to 10% of those with discoid lupus eventually develop SLE. The condition is eight times more prevalent in women than in men. While the exact causes of SLE are not known, genetic factors, hormones, ultraviolet light, and certain medications are believed to contribute.There are eleven criteria for diagnosing SLE, including:- Malar rash: a "butterfly" rash across the cheeks and nose- Discoid rash: patches of red skin that may scar- Photosensitivity: skin rash resulting from sun exposure- Mucous membrane ulcers: sores in the mouth, nose, or throat- Arthritis: inflammation in two or more joints- Pleuritis or pericarditis: inflammation of the lung or heart lining, often causing chest pain with breathing- Kidney issues: abnormal levels of protein or cells in the urine- Neurological problems: seizures or other brain disturbances- Blood cell abnormalities: low counts of white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets- Immunologic disorders: abnormal immune tests, such as anti-DNA or anti-Sm antibodies, a falsely positive syphilis test, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, or a positive LE prep test- Positive antinuclear antibody testTreatment for SLE focuses on reducing inflammation and autoimmune activity. Patients can help prevent disease "flare-ups" by minimizing sun exposure and continuing prescribed medications without interruption.

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