Pancolitis refers to inflammation affecting the entire large intestine. Ulcerative colitis, a fairly common disorder, is characterized by inflammation of the colon, though its exact cause remains unknown. It belongs to the category of inflammatory bowel diseases and shares similarities with similar conditions.In cases of ulcerative colitis, the inflammation invariably involves the lower end of the colon, known as the rectum. When the rectum alone is affected, the condition is identified as ulcerative proctitis. The inflammation in ulcerative colitis can extend to varying extents up the colon, and when the entire colon is involved, it is referred to as pancolitis or universal colitis.Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis include cramp-like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and occasional bleeding. The disease is known for its fluctuating nature, with many patients experiencing extended periods of remission, sometimes without medication. Interestingly, ulcerative colitis may spontaneously resolve after a prolonged history of symptoms.The most reliable method for diagnosing ulcerative colitis is direct visualization through procedures like sigmoidoscopy, which involves sampling the bowel lining. In new cases, it is crucial to rule out infections and other conditions that mimic ulcerative colitis.Having ulcerative colitis for an extended period increases the risk of developing colon cancer. The disease can also be linked to inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the joints, spine, skin, eyes, liver, and bile ducts.Treatment for ulcerative colitis typically involves medication and/or surgery. With ongoing research into inflammatory bowel disease, it is hoped that new treatments will emerge to benefit those with ulcerative colitis.
