Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a critical condition that involves the obstruction of small blood vessels, particularly in the brain, kidneys, and other organs. This disease often stems from the suppression of the ADAMTS13 enzyme, which typically functions to break down a blood protein known as Von Willebrand Factor. TTP is marked by the presence of platelet microthrombi—small clots formed by platelets, the cells responsible for clotting. The condition also results in a reduced platelet count, fever, kidney issues, and neurological symptoms like aphasia, blindness, and seizures.Though TTP is rare, affecting 3.7 individuals per million annually, plasma exchange therapy has significantly decreased the mortality rate. This treatment involves filtering the blood through a machine to remove the plasma and replacing it with fresh plasma and other fluids. When treated quickly, the death rate is between 10 to 20 percent, compared to 90 percent before the advent of plasma exchange. Several medications have been linked to TTP, including the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel (Plavix).
