Vasa previa is a condition where blood vessels within the placenta become positioned between the fetus and the entrance to the birth canal. This poses a significant risk, as these vessels can tear either when the fetal membranes rupture or during labor, potentially leading to fetal death. Additionally, the fetus may suffer from oxygen deprivation. This condition is more likely to occur with a low-lying placenta, which may result from scarring due to previous miscarriages or D&C procedures, an abnormally shaped placenta, in vitro pregnancies, or multiple pregnancies such as twins or triplets. Vasa previa can also be associated with the velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord.Often, vasa previa goes undetected until the fetal vessels rupture. Early diagnosis is crucial for reducing fetal mortality. If identified before labor, the baby's chances of survival significantly increase. This condition can be diagnosed as early as the 16th week of pregnancy using transvaginal sonography and color Doppler imaging. When vasa previa is confirmed, scheduling a Cesarean section before labor commences can be lifesaving. The procedure should be timed to avoid emergency situations while also minimizing the risks linked to premature delivery.
