Hypocitraturia refers to a reduced concentration of citrate in the urine. When the urinary citrate level falls below 320 mg per day, it is generally considered low, and in more severe instances, it can drop to under 100 mg per day. Insufficient citrate in the urine contributes to the formation of calcium stones, as citrate acts as an inhibitor against their development. Several factors can lead to decreased urinary citrate and the production of calcium kidney stones, including certain medications, a diet high in animal protein, renal tubular disorders, and other conditions. Approximately one-third of individuals with calcium kidney stones are affected by this issue. Treatment with citrate supplements is effective in correcting hypocitraturia for the majority of patients.
