VACTERL association is a nonrandom grouping of birth defects. The acronym VACTERL helps remember the types of defects it includes:- V stands for Vertebral anomalies.- A refers to Anal atresia, which is the absence of an opening at the end of the intestine.- C represents Cardiac defects, most commonly septal defects.- TE indicates Tracheoesophageal issues, where there is a connection between the trachea and esophagus, often accompanied by esophageal atresia, where part of the esophagus is not properly formed.- R signifies Renal (kidney) abnormalities.- L denotes Limb abnormalities, typically involving unusual formation of the thumb or issues with the forearm bones.This set of defects is frequently noted in newborns and occurs more often in children born to diabetic mothers compared to the general population. Initially, little was understood about the causes of VACTERL association. However, it has been linked to inhibited synthesis and down-regulation of a developmental pathway crucial for embryo formation, which involves cholesterol. Treatment generally involves surgical procedures to correct the physical anomalies where possible.
