Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA, Mini-Stroke):A TIA is an event that mimics a stroke's signs and symptoms but resolves within a short timeframe. Also known as a mini-stroke, it occurs due to a temporary reduction of blood flow and oxygen to the brain. This often results from the narrowing or, less frequently, blockage of the carotid arteries, which are the main arteries in the neck responsible for supplying blood to the brain. TIAs generally last between 2 to 30 minutes and can cause issues like vision disturbances, dizziness, weakness, or speech difficulties. Without intervention, the risk of experiencing a major stroke soon after is high. Individuals who have a TIA face a 25% increased chance of having a stroke or another serious event within 90 days.In a study monitoring people for three months post-TIA, approximately 10% had strokes, with half occurring within two days of the TIA. This stroke rate was over 50 times higher than expected for their age group. One-fifth of these strokes were fatal, and nearly two-thirds resulted in significant disability.A TIA is particularly indicative of an impending stroke if it occurs in individuals over 60, lasts more than 10 minutes, results in weakness, causes speech difficulties, or happens to someone with diabetes or high blood pressure.If you suspect a TIA, it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Undergoing a carotid endarterectomy, which clears the carotid artery to restore normal blood flow, significantly reduces the likelihood of a subsequent stroke. For individuals with a narrowed carotid artery but no symptoms, the risk of a stroke can be lowered with medications such as aspirin and other blood thinners. These medications work by partially inhibiting the function of platelets, which play a role in blood clotting.
