Intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ score ranging from 70 to 75 or lower, along with significant impairments in at least two areas of adaptive functioning. This condition is evident from an early age. Approximately 2 to 3 percent of the general population fit the criteria for intellectual disability. The causes can include fetal alcohol syndrome and its effects, brain damage from prescription or illegal drug use during pregnancy, brain injuries and diseases, as well as genetic disorders like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. Treatment varies depending on the cause; in some instances, such as specific dietary needs or medical conditions, tailored diets or treatments can be effective. Regardless of the cause, early intervention with specialized education can help individuals with intellectual disabilities reach their fullest potential.
