Melanoma is a type of cancer affecting melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment. It is regarded as the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Although it is more prevalent among individuals with fair skin, it can develop in people of any skin tone. Typically, melanoma appears as a dark, mole-like spot with an irregular border that spreads, distinguishing it from a regular mole. There may be a genetic predisposition to melanoma, and the risk is heightened by excessive sun exposure and sunburn.Melanoma is categorized into four clinical types: acral-lentiginous melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, nodular melanoma, and spreading melanoma. Individuals with fair skin or a family history of melanoma should consistently apply high-SPF sunscreen when outdoors. Anyone concerned about an unusual mole-like spot should consult a doctor. When detected early, melanoma is almost always treatable. If left undetected, it can rapidly become aggressive and potentially fatal.Metastatic melanoma refers to melanoma that has spread beyond the skin to other organs. This form generally has a poorer prognosis compared to localized melanoma.
