Grand mal seizures are a type of epilepsy marked by tonic-clonic seizures, which consist of two distinct stages: the tonic phase, where the body becomes stiff, and the clonic phase, characterized by uncontrollable jerking movements. These seizures may be preceded by an aura and are typically followed by headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. They can last from just a few seconds to several minutes. If a tonic-clonic seizure persists or if multiple seizures occur in quick succession, immediate medical attention is necessary, as this could indicate a life-threatening condition known as status epilepticus. Treatment typically involves the use of antiseizure medications. The term "grand mal" translates to "big illness" in French, distinguishing it from another form of epilepsy called petit mal.
