Regional enteritis, commonly known as Crohn's disease, is a persistent inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the small and large intestines, though it can manifest anywhere along the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. The disease was first described by Burrill Crohn in 1932. It typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is characterized by chronicity, with alternating periods of remission and flare-ups.In the initial stages, the disease causes small, scattered, shallow erosions known as aphthous ulcers on the inner lining of the intestines. Over time, these ulcers enlarge and deepen, resulting in scarring and the thickening of the bowel wall, which can lead to narrowing and obstruction. Severe ulcers can perforate the bowel wall, causing infections such as peritonitis and affecting other organs. When the disease is limited to the large intestine, it is referred to as Crohn's colitis. If only the small intestine is involved, it is called Crohn's enteritis. When it affects just the terminal part of the small intestine, it is known as Crohn's ileitis. If both the small and large intestines are involved, the condition is termed Crohn's enterocolitis or ileocolitis. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. Crohn's disease may also be linked with red, tender skin nodules and inflammation of the joints, spine, eyes, and liver.Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, barium X-rays of the small intestine, and other imaging tests. Treatment options include anti-inflammatory medications, immune suppressants, antibiotics, and potentially surgery. This condition is also known as granulomatous enteritis.
