Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is a condition affecting women that is marked by irregular or absent menstrual cycles, acne, and excessive hair growth. This disorder involves persistently abnormal ovarian function and elevated androgen levels. It impacts 5-10% of women within childbearing age and is also referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Women with PCOS often do not ovulate, meaning they don't release an egg monthly, which increases their risk of developing certain health issues, including endometrial cancer. However, exercise and weight loss can significantly mitigate these risks. Medications are typically used to regulate menstrual cycles, thereby lowering the risk of uterine cancer. Spironolactone (Aldactazide) can address acne and unwanted hair growth, while clomiphene (Clomid) may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation for those wishing to conceive. Research has shown that diabetic medications designed to enhance insulin action might benefit women with PCOS. Long-term studies on insulin-sensitizing drugs such as Avandia (rosiglitazone), Actos (pioglitazone), and Glucophage (metformin) for PCOS show encouraging results. A surgical procedure known as "wedge resection," where a portion of the ovary is removed, has also proven beneficial for some women. The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, but it is characterized by the presence of numerous small cysts on the ovaries, hence the name. Other terms for this condition include polycystic ovary disease, polycystic ovarian disease, and POD.
