Bipolar disorder, also referred to as a mood disorder or depressive illness, is characterized by alternating periods of depression and elevated mood, or mania. These mood shifts may occur rapidly and dramatically, though they often develop more slowly, with periods of stable mood appearing between the manic and depressive episodes. The symptoms associated with both phases can be intense, frequently leading to difficulties in daily functioning.Both manic and depressive states have detrimental effects. During manic episodes, individuals may experience impaired thinking, judgment, and social behavior, potentially resulting in problematic situations, such as making poor business or financial choices. On the other hand, depressive episodes can also negatively impact thinking, judgment, and social interactions, significantly increasing the risk of suicide. Approximately 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6% of those aged 18 and older, are affected by this disorder.Without treatment, bipolar disorder often worsens over time. However, with appropriate care, most individuals can manage their mood fluctuations and alleviate symptoms. Treatment typically involves medications called "mood stabilizers." For more information, see: Manic-depression.