Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria responsible for causing inflammation in the stomach and ulcers in both the stomach and duodenum. It stands as the leading cause of ulcers globally. Infection with H. pylori can occur through consuming contaminated food and water or through direct contact between individuals. It is particularly prevalent among those living in crowded areas with inadequate sanitation. Additionally, this bacterium is thought to be linked to stomach cancer and a rare tumor known as gastric MALT lymphoma. People infected with H. pylori typically remain carriers for life, often without any symptoms, unless they undergo treatment with antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria. It is also referred to as the ulcer bug.
