UDP-glucuronosyltransferase is an enzyme found in the liver that plays a crucial role in processing bilirubin, a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. When there is a defect in this enzyme, it leads to a condition known as Gilbert's disease, characterized by slight increases in bilirubin levels in the bloodstream. This can occasionally cause a mild yellowing of the eyes. Individuals with Gilbert's disease exhibit no other symptoms and their liver enzyme levels remain completely normal. No treatment is necessary, and the prognosis is very good.The gene responsible for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase is located on chromosome 2, which is not a sex chromosome. Inheriting a single copy of the gene variant associated with Gilbert's disease is sufficient to develop the condition, making it an autosomal dominant trait. If a parent has Gilbert's disease, there is a 50% chance that they will pass the gene to each child, and any child who inherits the gene will have Gilbert's disease.Gilbert's disease is commonly observed in populations in the U.S. and Europe. It is often discovered by chance during routine blood tests, making it an incidental enzyme abnormality that does not affect overall health.
