Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is a condition affecting women, marked by irregular or absent menstrual cycles, acne, and excessive hair growth. This disorder involves consistently irregular ovarian function and elevated androgen levels. It impacts 5%-10% of women in their reproductive years and is also referred to as Stein-Leventhal syndrome.Women with PCOS do not ovulate regularly, meaning they do not release an egg each month, which puts them at a much higher risk for endometrial cancer, among other health issues. However, regular exercise and weight loss can significantly reduce these risks. Medications are typically prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, thus lowering the risk of uterine cancer. For addressing acne and excess hair, spironolactone (Aldactazide) can be effective. Women who wish to conceive may use clomiphene (Clomid) to stimulate ovulation.Research has shown that medications intended to improve insulin action may benefit women with PCOS. Long-term studies on insulin-sensitizing drugs like Avandia (rosiglitazone), Actos (pioglitazone), and Glucophage (metformin) are being conducted, with promising results so far. A surgical procedure known as "wedge resection," where a portion of the ovary is removed, may also assist some women with PCOS.The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown. However, the ovaries of those affected by the condition typically contain numerous small cysts, hence the term polycystic ovary. Other names for the condition include polycystic ovary disease and POD.