Vulvitis, caused by yeast, refers to an inflammation of the female external genital organs, known as the vulva. The vulva consists of the labia, clitoris, and the vaginal opening. Vulvitis frequently accompanies a yeast infection, which is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida in the vagina. Typical symptoms include itching, burning, soreness, discomfort during sexual activity and urination, and redness.A yeast infection occurs when either new yeast are introduced to the area or the balance between yeast and bacteria is disrupted, often due to antibiotics eliminating bacteria, allowing yeast to proliferate and irritate the vulva and vagina, leading to vaginitis. Such infections are more likely following trauma to the tissues, immune system deficiencies (from conditions like HIV or the use of immunosuppressant drugs), and in diabetic women.Treatment involves antifungal medications, which can be applied directly or taken orally. Topical treatments include butoconazole (FEMSTAT 3), clotrimazole (LOTRIMIN), miconazole (MONISTAT), and terconazole (TERAZOL 3), available as creams. Clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole, and nystatin (MYCOSTATIN) are also available as vaginal tablets. Oral treatments include fluconazole (DIFLUCAN). During pregnancy, only topical creams are recommended.Candida can exist in small numbers in some women without causing any issues. When there are no symptoms of infection, the presence of Candida does not require treatment.
