The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, sometimes abbreviated as HHS or DHHS, is divided into two main operating segments: Human Services and Public Health Service Operating Divisions. The latter encompasses several key entities:- The National Institutes of Health (NIH), recognized globally for its leading-edge medical research, supports approximately 35,000 projects across various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's, heart conditions, and more. It comprises 17 distinct health institutes, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, the National Library of Medicine, and the National Center for Human Genome Research. Founded in 1887 as the Hygienic Laboratory on Staten Island, NY, its headquarters are now in Bethesda, MD.- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures the safety of foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biological products, and medical devices, which together account for 25% of U.S. consumer expenditures. It was established in 1906 and is based in Rockville, MD.- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collaborates with states and partners to provide health surveillance, prevent disease outbreaks, and maintain national health statistics. The CDC is also active internationally, with personnel in over 25 countries, and supports research to prevent disease and injury. It originated in 1946 as the Communicable Disease Center and is headquartered in Atlanta, GA.- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) works with state and federal entities to prevent exposure to hazardous waste. It conducts health assessments, studies, and educational training in areas affected by hazardous substances and creates toxicological profiles for chemicals. Established in 1980, its headquarters is in Atlanta, GA.- The Indian Health Service provides healthcare through 37 hospitals, 60 health centers, 3 school health centers, and 46 health stations, also supporting 34 urban Indian health centers. It serves around 1.5 million American Indians and Alaska Natives from 557 federally recognized tribes, with a workforce of about 14,500 employees and 10,000 additional tribal and urban health workers. Annually, it manages roughly 90,000 hospital admissions and 7 million outpatient visits. Established in 1924 and transferred from the Interior Department in 1955, its headquarters are in Rockville, MD.- The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) provides health resources to underserved populations through a network of 643 community and migrant health centers and 144 primary care programs for the homeless and public housing residents, serving 8.1 million Americans annually. HRSA supports the health care workforce, manages the National Health Service Corps, offers services through the Ryan White CARE Act for AIDS patients, oversees organ transplantation, and works to reduce infant mortality. It was founded in 1982 by merging several programs and is headquartered in Rockville, MD.- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) aims to enhance the quality and accessibility of prevention and treatment services for substance abuse and mental health. It provides state block grants for direct services, benefiting over 340,000 Americans with severe substance abuse issues. SAMHSA improves treatment through its grant program and monitors substance abuse and mental illness trends. Established in 1992, it succeeded the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, created in 1974. Its headquarters are in Rockville, MD.- The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) funds research on healthcare systems, quality, costs, and treatment effectiveness. Founded in 1989, its headquarters is located in Rockville, MD.
