Adrenal Medulla:This is the inner section of the adrenal gland, while the outer section is known as the adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla produces the hormones epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Epinephrine is released when blood sugar levels are low, during physical activity, or in stressful situations. It promotes the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver, assists in the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue, causes the dilation of small arteries in muscles, and boosts heart output. Norepinephrine, produced by the adrenal medulla, functions to constrict blood vessels and elevate blood pressure.A deficiency in adrenal medulla function is extremely rare. However, a tumor called a pheochromocytoma can lead to excessive production of norepinephrine and epinephrine, mimicking an overactive adrenal medulla. These tumors can develop in the adrenal medulla or elsewhere in the body. They often lead to hypertension (high blood pressure), which can occur in sudden, intense episodes accompanied by symptoms such as headaches, anxiety, sweating, facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, and tingling sensations in the arms and legs.
