Pseudotumor cerebri refers to an increase in pressure inside the brain without the presence of a tumor. This condition can lead to headaches, double vision, decreased visual clarity, and potentially total blindness. It is most frequently seen in women of childbearing age. Although its exact cause is often unknown, pseudotumor cerebri may occasionally be associated with the use of medications such as nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, or amiodarone, or with excessive use of certain drugs. Diagnosis typically involves brain imaging and a lumbar puncture. Treatment may include medications that decrease fluid production or hyperosmotic drugs to reduce fluid accumulation. Repeated spinal taps, shunting, or a surgical procedure called optic nerve sheath fenestration can be performed to remove excess cerebrospinal fluid. Steroids may also be prescribed to alleviate brain tissue swelling. This condition is also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
