Crohn's disease, specifically ileocolitis, affects the last section of the small intestine (just before it transitions into the large intestine) as well as the colon. This chronic inflammatory condition primarily targets the small and large intestines but can also impact other parts of the digestive system. Named after the doctor who identified it in 1932, Crohn's disease typically manifests in teenagers and young adults, though it can appear at any age. The disease can be persistent, causing significant health challenges, or it might result in mild symptoms that require little to no medical intervention.In its milder form, Crohn's disease leads to small, scattered erosions known as aphthous ulcers on the inner lining of the intestines. More severe cases can produce larger, deeper ulcers, resulting in scarring, rigidity, and potential narrowing of the bowel, which might lead to obstruction. Deep ulcers may perforate the intestinal wall, causing infections like peritonitis.The disease manifests in various forms: Crohn's colitis refers to the involvement of only the large intestine, while Crohn's enteritis affects solely the small intestine. The ileum, the final section of the small intestine, is most commonly afflicted, and active disease here is known as Crohn's ileitis. When both the small and large intestines are involved, the condition is termed Crohn's enterocolitis or ileocolitis. Additional terms may be used to describe specific variations.Symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. It can also lead to reddish, tender skin nodules and inflammation of the joints, spine, eyes, and liver. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques or endoscopy. Treatment often includes anti-inflammatory drugs, immune suppressants, or antibiotics, with surgery being a necessity in severe instances.Crohn's disease is a significant focus of global research, with new treatment methods being explored that hold promise for enhancing the quality of life for those affected.
