Obesity refers to being significantly above one's typical weight. Traditionally, an individual is considered obese if they exceed 20 percent over their ideal weight, which should consider their height, age, gender, and body type. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has more precisely defined obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. A BMI of 30 equates to being roughly 30 pounds over one's ideal weight.The BMI, a crucial measure that relates body weight to height, is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Since BMI reflects body weight in relation to height, it is a strong indicator (in adults) of total body fat. However, some muscular individuals may show a high BMI without facing significant health risks.Obesity is commonly influenced by both genetic and behavioral factors. Therefore, addressing obesity typically requires more than just dietary adjustments. Exercise, counseling, support, and sometimes medication can complement diet changes to help individuals overcome weight challenges. Conversely, extreme dieting can actually lead to more severe obesity.Being overweight significantly contributes to health issues and elevates the risk of various diseases, such as:- Type 2 diabetes- Hypertension (high blood pressure)- Coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (heart attack)- Stroke- Certain cancers, including breast and colon cancer- Gallbladder disease- Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) in the knees, hips, and lower back- Sleep apnea (breathing interruptions during sleep, leading to low blood oxygen levels)- Pickwickian syndrome (characterized by obesity, a flushed face, shortness of breath, and drowsiness).

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