HBV is a virus that mainly leads to liver inflammation. It can spread through various means, such as needle sticks, using unsterilized instruments for body piercings and tattoos, sexual contact, close non-sexual contact, and during childbirth. Symptoms often include tiredness, nausea, vomiting, dark-colored urine, and pale stools. The virus is diagnosed through blood tests. Treatment options include antiviral medications and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), with chronic cases sometimes managed with interferon. Healthcare professionals who accidentally come into contact with hepatitis B, as well as people who have had sexual contact with infected individuals, are typically given both HBIG and the hepatitis B vaccine to ensure immediate and long-lasting protection. The infection can be prevented by getting vaccinated against hepatitis B and avoiding activities that might lead to exposure to the virus.
