Glycosylated hemoglobin is hemoglobin with glucose attached to it. This test is used to assess how well one has managed their blood sugar levels over time. When individuals have poorly managed diabetes mellitus, their glycosylated hemoglobin levels are elevated. Because glucose remains bound to hemoglobin for the lifespan of a red blood cell, typically around 120 days, this level serves as an indicator of the average blood sugar over the preceding three months.For glycosylated hemoglobin, a normal reading is under 7%. Although it is uncommon for individuals with diabetes to reach this level, the goal of rigorous management is to approach it. Levels exceeding 9% indicate inadequate management, while those over 12% reflect very poor control. It is generally advised to check glycosylated hemoglobin every 3 to 6 months in diabetic patients. Research from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that diabetics maintaining glycosylated hemoglobin near 7% are significantly more likely to delay or prevent complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves compared to those with levels of 8% or higher. If levels surpass 8%, a revision in treatment is typically required. Any reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin levels can enhance a person's health prospects. This form of hemoglobin is also referred to as HbA1c, the primary component of glycosylated hemoglobin.
