Heart Attack:A heart attack occurs when a section of the heart muscle dies due to a lack of blood flow, often resulting from a complete blockage in a coronary artery—the vessels responsible for supplying the heart with blood. This loss of blood flow leads to the death of heart tissue, causing chest pain and disrupting the heart's electrical stability.The resulting electrical instability can cause chaotic disturbances in the ventricles, the heart's lower chambers. Maintaining orderly electrical signals in the heart is crucial for its regular beating and efficient pumping. When this order is disrupted, the heart may only quiver, failing to pump oxygenated blood to the brain, which can lead to irreversible brain damage or death if not rectified within five minutes.Many fatalities from heart attacks are due to ventricular fibrillation occurring before the victim reaches medical help. These disturbances can often be managed with medication or other interventions by paramedics en route or upon hospital arrival. Approximately 90-95% of heart attack patients survive after reaching the hospital. The remaining 5-10% who die typically have suffered significant heart damage or experience a "complication" or enlargement of their heart attack.Early intervention can prevent death if a bystander initiates CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) within five minutes of ventricular fibrillation starting. CPR involves providing breaths for the victim and performing external chest compressions to stimulate heart function. Once paramedics arrive, they can administer medications or perform electrical cardioversion to restore a normal heart rhythm. Thus, quick CPR and a swift paramedic response can significantly enhance survival rates following a heart attack.Treatment for a heart attack may include the quick use of drugs to dissolve clots and prevent new ones; procedures such as angioplasty or stenting to open blocked arteries; and medications that dilate blood vessels. Early reopening of a blocked coronary artery minimizes heart muscle damage, reduces the severity of the heart attack, and improves recovery. Patients typically stay in the hospital for several days after a heart attack to monitor for heart rhythm disturbances and symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain.A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction (MI). "Myocardial" refers to the myocardium, the heart muscle, and "infarction" denotes tissue death due to a localized lack of oxygen.
