Enterovirus refers to a type of virus that enters the human body and flourishes, often targeting the nervous system. Polioviruses fall under this category. These viruses are small and consist of RNA and protein. Alongside the three types of polioviruses, there are several other enteroviruses, such as Coxsackie A and B viruses, echoviruses, and various other strains that can cause diseases in humans.These viruses can be present in the respiratory secretions, such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus, and stool of an infected individual. Transmission to others can occur through direct contact with these secretions or by touching contaminated objects, like drinking glasses or phones. Caregivers, educators, and child-care workers might also contract the virus by getting infected stool on their hands during diaper changes.Enterovirus infections are most common in the summer and fall months. Many infected individuals remain asymptomatic, but those who do fall ill typically experience mild respiratory symptoms similar to a cold, flu-like symptoms with fever and muscle pain, or a rash. In rare cases, infections can lead to more serious conditions affecting the heart or brain, or cause paralysis. In early autumn 2014, a significant outbreak of the non-polio enterovirus strain D68 (EV-D68) affected numerous children across different U.S. states, some of whom required intensive care. Enteroviruses are also believed to be linked to the development of certain conditions, though they aren't direct causes. Newborns who contract an enterovirus infection can sometimes suffer from severe, life-threatening organ involvement, including the liver and heart.Typically, mild illnesses or aseptic meningitis caused by enteroviruses don't result in long-term effects. However, some individuals with paralysis or encephalitis might not fully recover. Those who develop heart-related complications from myocarditis need ongoing medical care.Currently, there is no vaccine available for enteroviruses, except for poliovirus. Maintaining good hygiene and regular handwashing can effectively reduce the spread of these viruses. In 2014, there was a substantial increase in respiratory infections due to the Enterovirus D68 strain, leading to severe respiratory issues in those affected. The prevalence of this virus significantly declined in 2015 and 2016.
