Trichomonas is a type of single-celled protozoan, primarily recognized in the medical field for one of its species that leads to vaginal inflammation, known as trichomoniasis. This infection stands as the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted disease among young, sexually active women. The species responsible for this STD is Trichomonas vaginalis. In women, the primary site of infection is the vagina, while in men, it is typically the urethra. The parasite spreads through vaginal intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact with an infected individual. While women can contract the disease from either men or women, men usually acquire it from infected women.The infection presents differently in men and women. Most men with trichomoniasis show no symptoms, although some may experience irritation inside the penis, slight burning during urination, or mild discharge. In contrast, many women exhibit symptoms that include a frothy, yellow-green discharge with a strong odor, discomfort during sex and urination, and irritation and itching in the genital area. Occasionally, women may experience lower abdominal pain. Symptoms typically emerge in women within 5 to 28 days after exposure.Trichomoniasis-induced genital inflammation can heighten a woman’s vulnerability to HIV infection and increase the likelihood of transmitting HIV to sexual partners. Additionally, trichomoniasis can impact pregnancy; infected pregnant women may deliver early or have babies with low birth weight (under five pounds). Detecting the parasite in men is more challenging than in women. In women, a pelvic examination may reveal small red sores on the vaginal wall or cervix.Treatment generally involves a single oral dose of the medication metronidazole. While symptoms in men may resolve without treatment, an untreated man can still infect female partners. Hence, it is crucial for both partners to undergo treatment simultaneously to eradicate the parasite. During treatment, sexual activity should be avoided until both partners have completed their treatment courses and no longer exhibit symptoms. Metronidazole is safe for use in pregnant women. Past infection with trichomoniasis does not grant immunity, so re-infection is possible after successful treatment. Consistent and correct use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of trichomoniasis transmission.
