Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition where fingers and/or toes change color when exposed to temperature fluctuations (either cold or hot) or emotional stress. This discoloration happens because of an unusual spasm in the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow. Initially, the affected digits turn white due to the decreased blood supply, followed by a blue tint from a prolonged lack of oxygen. Finally, when the blood vessels reopen, a flushing effect occurs, turning the digits red. This sequence of color changes—from white to blue to red—typically happens when exposed to cold temperatures and is a hallmark of Raynaud's phenomenon. This condition can be associated with various issues, such as rheumatic diseases, hormonal imbalances, external factors like frostbite or the use of vibrating tools, certain medications like propranolol and bleomycin, and, in rare cases, cancer. The phenomenon is named after the French doctor Maurice Raynaud, who lived from 1834 to 1881.
