Psycho-oncology explores the psychological, social, behavioral, and ethical facets of cancer. This field focuses on two primary psychological components of cancer: (1) the emotional reactions of patients at every stage of the disease, as well as those of their families and caregivers; and (2) the psychological, behavioral, and social elements that may impact the progression of the disease. As more children and adults achieve the status of cancer survivors, the scope of psycho-oncology has evolved. The reach of cancer extends beyond the millions of new cases that arise each year globally. Many patients remain outside the healthcare system due to societal stigma and a shortage of resources for diagnosis, treatment, and support. Cancer, irrespective of other factors, causes anxiety and depression in over one-third of patients. It significantly affects family dynamics both socially and economically. Worldwide, disparities in cancer aspects are evident, with incidence and survival rates linked to socio-economic status, and individual differences influencing the cancer experience.Psycho-oncology is inherently multidisciplinary, intersecting with key oncology specialties, including clinical fields like surgery, cancer epidemiology, biology, bioethics, palliative care, medicine, clinical trial research, experimental design, clinical decision-making, psychiatry, and more. Ultimately, cancer affects both the body and the mind.
